Polonnaruwa is an ancient city located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, known for its rich historical and archaeological heritage. It served as the capital of Sri Lanka during the medieval period, particularly from the 11th to the 13th centuries, under the rule of the Chola, Sinhalese, and Polonnaruwa kings.

One of the main attractions in Polonnaruwa is the UNESCO-listed Polonnaruwa Archaeological Reserve, which encompasses a vast complex of ruins, temples, palaces, statues, and reservoirs. The archaeological site provides insights into the grandeur and sophistication of the ancient Kingdom of Polonnaruwa.

The key highlights of Polonnaruwa Archaeological Reserve include:

1. **The Quadrangle**: This area houses several significant structures, including the Vatadage (a circular relic shrine), the Gal Potha (a massive stone book), and the Hatadage (a shrine housing the Tooth Relic).

2. **The Royal Palace**: The ruins of the Royal Palace complex showcase the architectural prowess of the era, with remains of audience halls, living quarters, and administrative buildings.

3. **The Sacred Quadrangle**: This section features the Rankoth Vehera (a stupa), the Kiri Vehera (a white stupa), the Shiva Devale (a Hindu temple), and the Thuparama Gedige (a unique combination of Buddhist and Hindu architectural elements).

4. **The Gal Vihara**: This rock temple contains impressive Buddha statues carved into a large granite rock, including a standing Buddha, a seated Buddha, and reclining Buddha figures.

5. **The Parakrama Samudra**: A massive reservoir built by King Parakramabahu I, which served as a vital water source for the city and agricultural purposes.

Visitors to Polonnaruwa can explore the archaeological site on foot, guided by informative signage, guidebooks, or local guides who provide historical context and explanations of the ruins. The site offers a fascinating journey through Sri Lanka’s medieval history, art, and architecture, showcasing the cultural achievements of the Polonnaruwa Kingdom.

Apart from the archaeological attractions, Polonnaruwa is surrounded by natural beauty, with scenic landscapes, lakes, and wildlife sanctuaries nearby, providing opportunities for nature walks, birdwatching, and outdoor adventures.